Schizophrenia is a mental disorder where a person has delusions, hallucinations and other mental difficulties. It interferes with the capability to think sensibly, control emotions, make pronouncements etc. It can comprise breaks with reality and disturb thought processes and everyday functioning of people. Schizophrenia is a mental illness where a person is incapable to differentiating between reality and imagination. It can happen at any age, majorly in the late teens to early 30s. About 1% of the people worldwide have schizophrenia.
What are the Causes?
Genetic Factors: People having a family history of schizophrenia are more prone to this this mental disorder. No single gene is accountable for this ailment; rather, a combination of several is related with an augmented risk of schizophrenia.
Environmental Factors: It is believed that trauma or viral infection or undernourishment throughout pregnancy surges the danger of schizophrenia. Other factors contributing to this disease are viral infections in early age and substance abuse during teenage.
Brain Abnormalities: Imbalance in the neurotransmitters like glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin may surge the risk of schizophrenia. Other brain abnormalities like, enlarged brain ventricles can also bring about schizophrenia as it disturbs the decision-making abilities of the brain.
What are the Symptoms?
Positive Symptoms: These are called psychotic symptoms and denote behaviors not related with healthy persons. They are disturbances added to the being’s personality. The harshness of these symptoms varies with time.
Negative Symptoms: They are allied with disturbances to the normal feelings and actions of a person. These are capabilities not present in an individual.
Cognitive Symptoms: These are mental and behavioral problems problematic to detect and treat. There are disorganized symptoms like confusion, thought disorder, and disorientation, trouble expressing feelings and memory problems.
Characteristic Symptoms
Delusions: These are false opinions clanged on by a person. For instance, imagining conspiracies deprived of any evidence, trusting that the person is special or famous, or conception of a major illness without any grounds.
Hallucinations: These comprise smelling, seeing, or feeling things that are not there, or hearing voices unheard by others
Disorganized Speech: These denote to recurrent incoherence while speaking.
Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
Physical Exam: a thorough physical examination will be conducted to find the medical problems accountable for this disorder.
Medical History: The family and personal health history of an individual is studied in detail.
Psychiatric Evaluation: The behavior of an individual is observed for any mood swings, hallucinations, delusions etc.
Lab Tests: Urine and blood tests, MRI and CT scan can be conducted for ruling out the possibilities of further health complications.
Treatment for Schizophrenia
Medication: Some neuroleptic medications like Quetiapine Aripiprazole, can decrease the harshness of schizophrenia. But medicines have some side effects like dizziness, weight gain, sleepiness etc. Sometimes, antidepressants can be prescribed for controlling the symptoms.
Psychosocial Treatments: These consist of counselling programs, therapy sessions and social skills training for improving the coping skills, improve communication and stress management.
Self-Help: A person can also do certain things by oneself for managing the symptoms and improving the way one feels and increase the self-esteem. For instance, looking for social support, guaranteeing passable sleep, remaining fit, evading alcohol abuse, keeping oneself involved in activities.
With people increasingly succumbing not only to Schizophrenia, nut other mental health diseases as well, the demand for treatments is on the roll and the value will reach $226 billion by 2030.
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